SPECIAL TOPIC: ANOINTING IN THE BIBLE (BDB 603)

A. Used for beautification (cf. Deut. 28:40; Ruth 3:3; 2 Sam. 12:20; 14:2; 2 Chr. 28:15; Dan. 10:3; Amos 6:6; Mic. 6:15)

B. Used for guests (cf. Ps. 23:5; Luke 7:38,46; John 11:2)

C. Used for healing (cf. Isa. 61:1; Jer. 51:8; Mark 6:13; Luke 10:34; James 5:14) [used in hygienic sense in Ezek. 16:9]

D. Used for preparation for burial (cf. Gen. 50:2; 2 Chr. 16:14; Mark 16:1; John 12:3,7; 19:39-40)

E. Used in a religious sense (of an object, cf. Gen. 28:18; 31:13 [a pillar]; Exod. 29:36 [the altar]; Exod. 30:26; 40:9-16; Lev. 8:10-13; Num. 7:1 [the tabernacle])

F. Used for installing leaders

1. Priests

a. Aaron (Exod. 28:41; 29:7; 30:30)

b. Aaron's sons (Exod. 40:15; Lev. 7:36)

c. standard phrase or title (Num. 3:3; Lev. 16:32)

2. Kings

a. by God (cf. 1 Sam. 2:10; 2 Sam. 12:7; 2 Kgs. 9:3,6,12; Ps. 45:7; 89:20)

b. by the prophets (cf. 1 Sam. 9:16; 10:1; 15:1,17; 16:3,12-13; 1 Kgs. 1:45; 19:15-16)

c. by priests (cf. 1 Kgs. 1:34,39; 2 Kgs. 11:12)

d. by the elders (cf. Jdgs. 9:8,15; 2 Sam. 2:7; 5:3; 2 Kgs. 23:30)

e. of Jesus as Messianic king (cf. Ps. 2:2; Luke 4:18 [Isa. 61:1]; Acts 4:27; 10:38; Heb. 1:9 [Ps. 45:7])

f. Jesus' followers (cf. 2 Cor. 1:21; 1 John 2:20,27 [chrisma])

3. possibly of prophets (cf. Isa. 61:1)

4. unbelieving instruments of divine deliverance

a. Cyrus (cf. Isa. 45:1)

b. King of Tyre (cf. Ezek. 28:14, where he uses Garden of Eden metaphors)

5. term or title "Messiah" means "an Anointed One" (BDB 603)